Tuesday, April 3, 2018

STRENGTH OF CONCRETE


Definition
•      Strength of concrete is its resistance to rupture
•      Strength of concrete are-
•      Strength in compression
•      Strength in tension
•      Strength in shear
•      Flexural strength
Concrete is stronger in compression
•      Concrete is stronger in compression but weak in tension
•      Concrete consists of two phase : aggregate and cement paste
•      At microscopic level, there is an interfacial zone between aggregate and hardened cement past called transition zone.
•      The transition zone contains more water less cement so it is of poor quality and is weak.
•      This zone reduces bond between aggregate and paste
•      Now when compressive force is applied, the function of transition zone (the weak cement paste) is only to transfer force between aggregates
•      But when tension force (Pulling force) is applied,  the weaker zone (transition zone formed around the aggregate) has to resist the force
•      It means the transition zone of weak cement paste has to bind the aggregate, which it fails to do as it is weak
•      And hence crack appears.
•      That’s why concrete is strong in compression and weak in tension

Setting vs hardening of concrete
•      Setting
•      Setting means the concrete becomes stiff.
•      It means the concrete is no longer fluid but still concrete may be weak
•      Setting takes place within short period of time
•      Concrete should be placed within the initial setting time
•      Hardening
•      Hardening is the process of gaining strength
•      It is due to hydration i.e. formation of calcium silicate hydrate
•      It may continue for long time


Factor affecting strength of concrete
•      Porosity in concrete: Porosity is due to void (air) in concrete. The more porous the concrete is, the weaker it is.
•      Water-cement ratio: As the water-cement ratio increases, the strength of concrete decreases but workability increases. So optimum water-cement ratio is chosen considering both workability and strength of concrete
•      Quality of aggregate: The stronger the aggregate, the higher the strength of concrete
•      Relative humidity: As the relative humidity decreases, the strength also decreases because without moisture, hydration reaction cannot proceed.
•      Compaction of concrete: If concrete is well compacted, the air will be removed and the void decreases. Hence the strength of concrete increases.
•      Age of concrete: As the age of concrete increases, the strength of concrete increases in a decreasing rate.
•      Majority of strength is gained during first 28 days.


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